Acid Base Disorders in Critically Ill Neonatal Intensive Care Patients and Predicting Survival by the Presence of Deranged Acid-Base Variables

For optimal cellular function a stable extracellular pH is needed [1]. There are several cellular and extra-cellular buffer systems in the body that interacts to maintain a stable extracellular pH. But in neonates to keep a stable extracellular pH poses a challenge due to the higher production of acids as compared to adults, which is three times higher as compared to adults. The most important extra-cellular buffer system is the bicarbonate buffer system, which increases or decreases the production of CO2 and HCO3 in response to acidosis or alkalosis. The delayed and more sustained response to change in pH is provided by the kidneys, which cause acidification or alkalization of urine in response to acidosis or alkalosis. Other buffer systems like hemoglobin, phosphate, etc also play an important role in maintaining a stable pH. But in sick neonates, theses buffer systems are not well developed to maintain a stable pH.